Topics > Ankle > Orthotic Devices
Orthotic Devices
Orthotics, or orthoses are insoles molded from a plaster cast of the
patient's foot. They are prescribed by podiatrists for conditions like
fallen arches or structural foot problems. Orthotics are usually categorized
as rigid, soft, or semi-rigid:
- Rigid Orthotics. Rigid orthotics control
motion in two major foot joints directly below the ankle. They
are often used to prevent excessive
pronation (the turning in of the foot). They help people who are
very overweight or have uneven leg lengths. They must be used with
caution,
as unlikely, but possible complications from use of rigid orthotics
are sesamoiditis or benign tumors that form from pinched nerves.
- Soft Orthotics.
Soft orthotics are made from a lightweight material to absorb shock,
improve balance, and remove pressure from painful areas.
They help people with diabetes or arthritis. They need to be replaced
periodically, and because they are bulkier than rigid orthotics,
they may require larger shoes.
- Semi-Rigid Orthotics. Semi-rigid orthotics are
designed to provide balance, often for a specific sport. They are
typically made of layers
of leather and cork reinforced by silastic.
Insoles
Before seeking prescription orthotics, people with less severe
problems should consider testing the lower-priced over-the-counter
insoles.
An
insole is a flat cushioned insert that is placed inside the shoe. They
reduce shock, provide arch and heel support, and absorb moisture
and odor.
Insoles can be purchased in athletic and drug stores.
Shoe stores that specialize in foot problems often sell customized,
but more expensive, insoles. In general, over-the-counter insoles offer
enough
support for most people's foot problems. Most well-known brands of
athletic shoes have built-in insoles.
Dr. Scholl's is a popular and well-known
insole, many others are also available. They are composed of various
materials,
such as cork, leather, plastic foams, and rubber. Very beneficial insoles
are now made from viscoelastic polymers (e.g., Sorbothane, Airplus,
Spenco, Dr. Scholl's Massaging Gel, and others), which are gel-like materials
that act both as liquids and solids. NCISM does not promote or discourage
any particular brand.
Heel cushions are helpful
for people with shortened Achilles tendons. They are inserted inside
the shoes, like insoles. They should be at least 1/8 inch thick, but
not more than 1/4 inch thick.
