Topics > Wrist > Wrist and Thumb Sprains
Wrist and Thumb Sprains
Stretching and tearing of the ligaments that hold bones together is
known as a sprain. Catching oneself on an outstretched hand while falling
forward often causes sprains of the ligaments that connect the bones
within the wrist joint or in the main ligament responsible for grasping
and pinching motions (the ulnar collateral ligament). Wrist and thumb
sprains are a common injury in sports medicine, especially in skiing,
skateboarding, rollerblading, and other sports in which falling forward
often occurs. You can reduce your risk of sprains by wearing wrist guards
while engaging in these activities, and by using caution in wet or icy
conditions.
Symptoms of a sprain include swelling, tenderness, bruising, a popping
sensation within the wrist, an inability to grasp objects, and warmth
in the skin over the injured area. Sprains are categorized into three
grades, depending on the severity of the sprain:
- In a Grade 1 sprain,
the ligaments are overstretched, but not torn.
- A Grade 2 sprain occurs
when some of the ligaments of the wrist are torn, resulting
in some loss of function.
- In a Grade 3 sprain, the ligament is torn all the way
through.
When the ligament tears away from the bone, it may also break
off bone fragments.
Diagnosis of a sprain will include a thorough examination of the wrist
and arm, a complete medical history, and details of the accident causing
the sprain. In some cases, an X-ray may be necessary to determine whether
a fracture has occurred.
Mild sprains can be treated by RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation).
The injured wrist should be rested for at least 48 hours. Indirect application
of ice (use a towel between your skin and the ice) for 20 minute periods
can help reduce the swelling. Compression with an elastic bandage, elevation
above the level of your heart, and anti-inflammatory medications such
as ibuprofen will also assist in reducing the swelling and allowing the
injury to heal. More severe sprains may require immobilization in a splint
or surgery to repair the torn ligament. Immobilization in a cast for
6-8 weeks to allow the injury to heal will then be necessary.
